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Biology

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Faculty

Emeritus: Alexander, Atkins, Awbrey, Baxter, Bohnsack, Brandt, Carmichael, Carpenter, Clark, Cohn, Collier, G., Cox, Crouch, Davis, C., Diehl, Etheridge, Ford, Hazen, Huffman, Hunsaker, Johnson, A., Kelly, Kummerow, McBlair, McLean, Monroe, Moore, Neel, Norland, Olson, Parsons, Phelps, Plymale, Ratty, Rinehart, Schapiro, Shepard, Sloan, Taylor, Thwaites, Van Steenbergen, Walch, Wedberg, Wilson

Chair: Bernstein

Professors: Alfred, Allen, Archibald, Barnett, Bernstein, Berta, Bizzoco, Breindl, Chen, Collier, B., Davis, R., Dexter, Dowler, Ebert, Fisher, Frey, Glembotski, Hemmingsen, Hurlbert, Johnson, G., Johnson, K., Krekorian, Krisans, McClenaghan, Oechel, Paolini, Perrault, Phleger, Pozos, Rayle, Sabbadini, R., Simpson, Tsoukas, Williams, S., Zedler, J., Zedler, P., Zyskind

Associate Professors: Avila, Beuchat, Daugherty, Futch, Hanscom, Harris, Mabee, McGuire, Williams, K.

Assistant Professors: Burgin, Burns, Deutschman, Reeder, Segall

Lecturers: Garver, Kus, Martin, Sabbadini, G., Shubeita

Offered by the Department

Doctor of Philosophy degree in biology and ecology.

Master of Arts degree in biology.

Master of Science degree in biology.

Master of Science degree in microbiology.

Major in biology with the B.A. degree in liberal arts and sciences.

Major in biology with the B.S. degree in applied arts and sciences.

Emphasis in cellular and molecular biology.

Emphasis in ecology.

Emphasis in evolution and systematics.

Emphasis in marine biology.

Emphasis in zoology.

Major in microbiology with the B.A. degree in liberal arts and sciences.

Major in microbiology with the B.S. degree in applied arts and sciences.

Emphasis in medical technology and public health microbiology.

Program of study in biology in preparation for the single subject teaching credential in science.

Minor in biology.

Certificate in Recombinant DNA Technology.

The Majors

Biology. The Department of Biology offers a dynamic and modern program in biology which prepares students both academically and practically for vocations in science and science-related fields or for entry into graduate studies. The major is designed to present a basic background in modern biology and in the supportive disciplines of chemistry, mathematics and physics, and to provide specialized training selected by the student from a variety of areas. The wide range of faculty expertise and research interest allows the department to offer a curriculum which includes general and advanced courses in plant and animal sciences, marine sciences, genetics and physiology, ecology, molecular biology, microbiology, immunology, endocrinology, entomology, evolution, and systematics. Formal programs of study within the major include Emphases in Cell and Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, Marine Biology, and Zoology. Special studies opportunities with SDSU faculty and scientists at cooperating institutions allow qualified students to gain research experience on an individual basis.

The department offers a specific program of courses to fulfill the state of California's science requirements for the Single Subject Teaching Credential in Science (beginning January 1995) and the current Life Science Teaching Credential. Students successfully completing one of these programs may be certified by the department as having demonstrated subject competency as required in part for acceptance into College of Education single subject credential program.

The department also offers a program leading to the Recombinant DNA Technology Certificate. The purpose of this program is to prepare undergraduate and graduate students for employment in public and private organizations utilizing recombinant DNA technology.

The rapid advances in theoretical and applied biology, the growing demands in health care and the expansion of general interest in and concern for the environment are just a few of the factors which continue to increase society's need for biologists. Some examples: a biology degree is the common precursor for the medical, dental, veterinarian and allied health professions; government agencies involved in environment protection, public health and conservation need ecologists, inspectors, laboratory technicians and wildlife, forest, coast and park managers; government and private agriculture agencies need entomologists and botanists; private companies, government laboratories and universities involved in biotechnology need microbiologists and molecular biologists; zoos, wild animal parks and aquaria need zoologists; the secondary school system needs biology teachers; textbook and scientific supply companies need science majors. Whether your goal is to work in a laboratory or a forest, there is opportunity for fulfillment and growth in the field of biology.

Microbiology. Microbiology is the study of bacteria, viruses, yeasts, molds, algae and protozoa. These microorganisms are found associated with plants and animals, in soil, and in fresh and marine waters. Many of the free-living species participate in maintaining the quality of our environment. Certain species affect the health and well-being of plants and animals, including humans, by causing infectious diseases. Microorganisms are often used in the molecular biology laboratory as research tools, for experiments in genetic engineering, and in the manufacture of food and chemicals.

The microbiology major is designed to provide the student with a background in basic biology, microbiology, and the disciplines of chemistry, mathematics and physics. The curriculum includes introductory and advanced courses (most with laboratories) in general and pathogenic microbiology, immunology, virology, physiology, and genetics as well as courses in food and industrial microbiology, marine microbiology, and molecular biology.

Microbiologists find positions with governmental agencies, in university and private research laboratories, in biotechnology, medical and industrial laboratories, in schools as teachers, with scientific supply companies, or with textbook companies. Depending on the situation, a microbiologist may conduct fundamental and applied research, identify disease-causing microorganisms in medical or veterinary specimens, participate in studies of the environment (e.g., soil, ocean, lakes), aid in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, food, or beverages, or provide quality and safety control. The microbiology major is excellent preparation for entrance into medical, dental, veterinarian, and graduate schools. The Emphasis in Medical Technology and Public Health Microbiology prepares students to become, after a postgraduate internship, licensed medical technologists or certified public health microbiologists.

Biology Major

All candidates for a degree in liberal arts and sciences must complete the graduation requirements listed in the section of this catalog on "Graduation Requirements." A total of 45 upper division units must be taken, of which 24 must be selected from the General Biology Degree Requirements and the list of courses acceptable for electives. No more than 48 units in biology courses can apply to the degree.

A minor is not required with this major.

Foreign Language Requirement. Competency (successfully completing the third college semester or fifth college quarter) is required in one foreign language as part of the preparation for the major. Refer to section of catalog on "Graduation Requirements."

Upper Division Writing Requirement. Passing the University Writing Examination or completing one of the approved writing courses with a grade of C (2.0) or better.

Biology Major

All candidates for a degree in applied arts and sciences must complete the graduation requirements listed in the section of this catalog on "Graduation Requirements." A total of 36 upper division units must be selected from the General Biology Degree Requirements and the list of courses acceptable for electives.

A minor is not required with this major.

Upper Division Writing Requirement. Passing the University Writing Examination or completing one of the approved writing courses with a grade of C (2.0) or better.

Major. A minimum of 24 upper division units for the B.A. degree or 36 upper division units for the B.S. degree to include Biology 352, 354, 365L, 366, and Chemistry 365. Elective courses include all upper division biology courses numbered 350 and above, Oceanography 541, and all upper division chemistry courses (except Chemistry 499, 560A-560B). A minimum of two elective courses must be laboratory courses, at least one of which must be an organismal level course selected from Biology 350, 462, 462L, 472, 515, 520, 524, 525, 528, and 533.

No transfer course will substitute for Biology 352, 354, 365L or 366, Chemistry 365 or for the organismal level requirement without the specific approval of the department.

All courses not included above must have specific approval of the department.

Time Limitation. All courses for the major must be completed within seven years of the granting of the undergraduate degree. Exceptions for individual courses must be approved by the department and be filed with the Office of Admissions and Records.

Upper Division Writing Requirement. Passing the University Writing Examination or completing one of the approved writing courses with a grade of C (2.0) or better.

Major. A minimum of 36 upper division units to include Biology 350, 352, 354, 365L, 366, 467, Chemistry 365 and 366L, and at least 11 units of electives selected from Biology and Chemistry 496 and/or 596 (maximum 3 units), Biology and/or Chemistry 499 (maximum 3 units), Biology 521, 521L, 549, 551, 551L, 554, 555, 556, 557, 563, 569, 570, 584, 585, 590, 595, and Chemistry 431. Approval of the Emphasis in Cellular and Molecular Biology adviser is required for credit in Biology and Chemistry 496, 499, and 596 and other courses not listed above to be included in the emphasis. This approval must be filed with the Office of Admissions and Records.

Other than Biology 352, 354, 365L and Chemistry 365, only one course in this emphasis may be used for credit in another emphasis offered by the department.

No transfer course will substitute for Biology 352, 354, 365L, 366, 467 or Chemistry 365 and 366L without the approval of the Emphasis in Cellular and Molecular Biology adviser.

Time Limitation. All courses for the major must be completed within seven years of the granting of the undergraduate degree. Exceptions for individual courses must be approved by the department adviser and be filed with the Office of Admissions and Records.

Upper Division Writing Requirement. Passing the University Writing Examination or completing one of the approved writing courses with a grade of C (2.0) or better.

Major. A minimum of 36 upper division units to include Biology 352, 354, 354L, 365L, 366, Chemistry 365, and at least 15 units of electives selected from Biology 359, 496 and/or 596 (maximum 3 units), 499 (maximum 3 units), 507 (maximum 6 units), 511, 512, 517, 519, 527, 538, 539, 540, 545, 560, 563, 597A, and 597B. At least one of the above electives must be a laboratory course. The remaining units must include an organismal level course selected from Biology 350, 462 and 462L, 472, 515, 520 524, 525, 528, and 533. Other electives include all biology courses numbered 350 and above (except Biology 452), Oceanography 541, and all upper division chemistry courses (except Chemistry 499, 560A-560B). Approval of the Emphasis in Ecology adviser is required for credit in Biology 496, 499, 507, 596, and other courses not listed above to be included in the 15 units of ecology electives. This approval must be filed with the Office of Admissions and Records.

Other than Biology 352, 354, 365L, and Chemistry 365, only one course in this emphasis may be used for credit in another emphasis offered by the department.

No transfer course will substitute for Biology 352, 354, 365L, 366, or Chemistry 365 without the approval of the Emphasis in Ecology adviser.

Time Limitation. All courses for the major must be completed within seven years of the granting of the undergraduate degree. Exceptions for individual courses must be approved by the department adviser and be filed with the Office of Admissions and Records.

Upper Division Writing Requirement. Passing the University Writing Examination or completing one of the approved writing courses with a grade of C (2.0) or better.

Major.

Other than Biology 352, 354, 365L, and Chemistry 365, only one course in this emphasis may be used for credit in another emphasis offered by the department.

No transfer course will substitute for Biology 352, 354, 365L, 366, 510, or Chemistry 365 without the approval of the Emphasis in Evolution and Systematics adviser.

Time Limitation. All courses for the major must be completed within seven years of the granting of the undergraduate degree. Exceptions for individual courses must be approved by the department adviser and be filed with the Office of Admissions and Records.

Upper Division Writing Requirement. Passing the University Writing Examination or completing one of the approved writing courses with a grade of C (2.0) or better.

Major. A minimum of 36 upper division units to include Biology 352, 354, 365L, 366, Chemistry 365, and at least 15 units of electives selected from Biology 496 and/or 596 (maximum 3 units), 499 (maximum 3 units), 507, 512, 513, 515, 517, 519, 520, and Oceanography 541. At least two of the above electives must be laboratory courses, at least one of which must be one of the organismal courses Biology 515 or 520. The remaining units must be selected from biology courses numbered 350 and above (except Biology 452), all upper division chemistry courses (except Chemistry 499, 560A-560B), and may include three units selected from Economics 454, Geography 504, Geological Sciences 540, 545, Oceanography 561. Approval of the Emphasis in Marine Biology adviser is required for credit in Biology 496, 499, 507, 596, and other courses not listed above to be included in the 15 units of marine biology electives. This approval must be filed with the Office of Admissions and Records.

Other than Biology 352, 354, 365L, and Chemistry 365, only one course in this emphasis may be used for credit in another emphasis offered by the department.

No transfer course will substitute for Biology 352, 354, 365L, 366, or Chemistry 365 without the approval of the Emphasis in Marine Biology adviser.

Time Limitation. All courses for the major must be completed within seven years of the granting of the undergraduate degree. Exceptions for individual courses must be approved by the department adviser and be filed with the Office of Admissions and Records.

Upper Division Writing Requirement. Passing the University Writing Examination or completing one of the approved writing courses with a grade of C (2.0) or better.

Major. A minimum of 36 upper division units to include Biology 352, 354, 365L, 366, Chemistry 365, and at least 15 units of electives selected from Biology 496 and/or 596 (maximum 3 units), 499 (maximum 3 units), 462, 462L, 472, 512, 515, 520, 523, 524, 525 (vertebrate group), 527, 540, 560, 577, 588 (general zoology group). At least three units must be selected from each of the two groups. Two or more of the above electives must be laboratory courses, at least one of which must be an organismal level course selected from Biology 462, 462L, 472, 515, 520, 524, or 525. The remaining units must be selected from biology courses numbered 350 and above (except Biology 452), Oceanography 541, and all upper division chemistry courses (except Chemistry 499, 560A-560B). Approval of the Emphasis in Zoology adviser is required for credit in Biology 496, 499, 596, and other courses not listed above to be included in the 15 units of zoology electives. This approval must be filed with the Office of Admissions and Records.

No transfer course will substitute for Biology 352, 354, 365L, 366, or Chemistry 365 without the approval of the Emphasis in Zoology adviser.

Other than Biology 352, 354, 365L, and Chemistry 365, only one course in this emphasis may be used for credit in another emphasis offered by the department.

Time Limitation. All courses for the major must be completed within seven years of the granting of the undergraduate degree. Exceptions for individual courses must be approved by the department adviser and be filed with the Office of Admissions and Records.

Microbiology Major

All candidates for a degree in liberal arts and sciences must complete the graduation requirements listed in the section of this catalog on "Graduation Requirements." No more than 48 units in biology courses can apply to the degree.

A minor is not required with this major.

Preparation for the Major. Biology 201, 202, and 215 or Biology 216 and 216L; Chemistry 200, 201,and 231 or 232 and 232L; Mathematics 121 and 122; Physics 180A, 180B, 182A, 182B. (39 units)

Foreign Language Requirement. Competency (successfully completing the third college semester or fifth college quarter) is required in one foreign language as part of the preparation for the major. It is recommended that students select French, German or Russian to satisfy this requirement. Refer to section of catalog on "Graduation Requirements."

Upper Division Writing Requirement. Passing the University Writing Examination or completing one of the approved writing courses with a grade of C (2.0) or better.

Major. A minimum of 26 upper division units to include Biology 350, 352, 354, 365L, 366, 521L, 549, Chemistry 365 and 366L.

No transfer course will substitute for Biology 352, 354, 365L, 366, or Chemistry 365, 366L without the specific approval of the Microbiology adviser.

All courses not included above must have the prior approval of the Microbiology adviser and be filed with the Office of Admissions and Records.

Time Limitation. All courses for the major must be completed within seven years of the granting of the undergraduate degree. Exceptions for individual courses must be approved by the department and be filed with the Office of Admissions and Records.

Microbiology Major

All candidates for a degree in applied arts and sciences must complete the graduation requirements listed in the section of this catalog on "Graduation Requirements."

A minor is not required with this major.

Preparation for the Major. Biology 201, 202, and 215 or Biology 216 and 216L; Chemistry 200, 201, and 231 or 232 and 232L; Mathematics 121 and 122; Physics 180A, 180B, 182A, 182B. (39 units)

Upper Division Writing Requirement. Passing the University Writing Examination or completing one of the approved writing courses with a grade of C (2.0) or better.

Major. A minimum of 36 upper division units to include Biology 350, 352, 354, 365L, 366, 467, 521 or 584, 521L or 528, 549, Chemistry 365, 366L, and at least two units of electives selected from Biology and Chemistry 496 and 596 (maximum 3 units), Biology and Chemistry 499 (maximum 3 units), Biology 521, 521L, 551, 551L, 554, 555, 556, 557, 569, 584, 585, 590, 595, and Chemistry 431. Approval of the Microbiology adviser is required for credit in Biology 496, 499, 596, and other courses not listed above to be included in the electives. This approval must be filed with the Office of Admissions and Records.

No transfer course will substitute for Biology 352, 354, 365L, 366, 467 or Chemistry 365 and 366L without the approval of the Microbiology adviser.

Time Limitation. All courses for the major must be completed within seven years of the granting of the undergraduate degree. Exceptions for individual courses must be approved by the department and be filed with the Office of Admissions and Records.

Preparation for the Major. Biology 201, 202, and 215 or Biology 216 and 216L; Chemistry 200, 201, and 231 or 232 and 232L, and 251; Mathematics 121 and 122; Physics 180A, 180B, 182A, 182B. (44 units)

Upper Division Writing Requirement. Passing the University Writing Examination or completing one of the approved courses with a grade of C (2.0) or better.

Major. A minimum of 36 upper division units to include Biology 350, 352, 354, 365L, 366, 485 or 585, 521L, 549, 582, 584, Chemistry 365, 366L, and at least one course selected from Biology 528, 554, 586, and 588. To be included in this major courses not listed above must have the prior approval of the Microbiology adviser and be filed with the Office of Admissions and Records.

No transfer course will substitute for Biology 352, 354, 365L, 366, or Chemistry 365 and 366L without the approval of the Microbiology adviser.

Time Limitation. All courses for the major must be completed within seven years of the granting of the undergraduate degree. Exceptions for individual courses must be approved by the department and be filed with the Office of Admissions and Records.

Biology Major

In preparation for the Single Subject Teaching Credential in Science/Biological Sciences

Students applying to the College of Education's graduate program for the Single Subject Teaching Credential in Science/Biological Sciences must be certified by this department for subject matter competency. This certification requires earning a B or better in Biology 452 and either (1) passing the required examinations (PRAXIS and SSAT), or (2) completing the subject matter preparation program described below.

Certification through the accomplishment of appropriate coursework requires (1) completion of the courses described under the General Biology Degree Requirements, B.S. degree (preparation for the major and major) including the following electives in the major: Biology 436, 452, 533, 590, Oceanography 541, and at least one course from Biology 462 and 462L, 472, 515, 520, 524, or 525 (it is recommended that Biology 499 and Chemistry 366L be included if the major is being sought); (2) earning a B or better in Biology 452, (3) completing Astronomy 101, Geological Sciences 100 and 101. The Department of Biology credential adviser (LS-135) must be consulted for certification.

Please refer to the Teacher Education section of this catalog for other requirements and prerequisites for the credential program.

Time Limitation. All courses for the major must be completed within seven years of the granting of the undergraduate degree. Exceptions for individual courses must be approved by the department and be filed with the Office of Admissions and Records.

All courses not included above must have the prior approval of the Department and the substitution filed with the Office of Admissions and Records.

Biology Minor

Biology 100 and 100L or 202 are prerequisites to the biology minor and do not count towards the units in the minor; some areas include additional prerequisites not counted towards the minor.

The minor in biology consists of a minimum of 16-22 units to include Biology 201 and at least 12 units of upper division courses selected from one of the areas below. At least one of the selected courses must be a biology laboratory course numbered 350 or above. A maximum of three units of Biology 499 may be included in the minor with prior approval of the department. For courses requiring Biology 215 as a prerequisite, a college level course in statistics may be acceptable with the approval of the instructor.

Required: Biology 527. Electives: Biology 307, 324, 339, 354, 354L, 462, 507, 524, Anthropology 500 and Psychology 417. (16 units)

Required: Biology 321, 336, 436, 570. Electives: Biology 307 or 339. At least one college course in chemistry is strongly recommended to complement this minor. (16 units)

Prerequisites: Chemistry 200, 201, 231, 365. Electives: Biology 350, 352, 365L, 467, 521, 521L, 549, 563, and 590. (16 units)

Required: Biology 354. Electives: Biology 315, 324, 327, 339, 350, 354L, 359, 462, 462L, 513, 539, and 540. (16 units)

Required: Biology 315, 336, 436, and at least two units of Biology 499. A college level course in chemistry is strongly recommended to complement this minor. (17 units)

Required: Biology 319 or 352. Electives: Biology 359, 462, 462L, and 510. (16 units)

Required: Biology 336 and a course in college chemistry, or Biology 261 or 590. Electives: Biology 212, 307, 321, 326, 352, 577, and 590. (16 units)

Required: Biology 515 or 520. Electives: Biology 324, 513, 515, 517, 519, 520, and 524. (16 units)

Required: Biology 533. Electives: Biology 326, 528, 530, and 563. (16 units)

Prerequisite: College level course in statistics. Required: Biology 452. Electives (at least one course from each group): Biology 336, 560, 590; Biology 354; Biology 533; Biology 462 and 462L, 520, 524, 525 or 527. Basic courses in genetics, microbiology, and organic chemistry are recommended. (19-22 units)

Courses in the minor may not be counted toward the major, but may be used to satisfy preparation for the major and general education requirements, if applicable. A minimum of six upper division units must be completed at San Diego State University.

Recombinant DNA Technology Certificate

Matriculated students must apply for admission to the program before completion of 15 certificate units and must complete all prerequisite and required courses with a GPA of 2.5 or better and Biology 551 and 551L with grades of B or better.

The certificate requires 19 prerequisite units - Biology 350, 365L, 366, 467, Chemistry 365, 366L, and 16 certificate units - Biology 498 or 499 (5 units as approved by the certificate adviser), 551, 551L, and two electives selected from Biology 549, 569, or 585. Biology 551 and 551L must be taken at San Diego State University, either in residence or through Open University. Prerequisite and certificate courses may be utilized in the biology, chemistry, and microbiology majors and minors as appropriate.

Courses in the certificate may not be counted toward the minor.

Courses

A beginning course in biology stressing processes common to living organisms. Not open to biological sciences majors; see Biology 201, 202.

Prerequisite: Credit or concurrent registration in Biology 100.

A laboratory course in biology stressing processes common to living organisms. Not open to biological sciences majors; see Biology 201, 202.

Prerequisite: Credit or concurrent registration in Biology 101.

Laboratory course on evolution and diversity of animals involving field trips and laboratory investigations. Not open to biological sciences majors.

Prerequisite: First semester freshman standing.

Concepts and emphases of modern biology to include nature and methods of science, relationship between structure and function, homeostasis, genetic continuity, evolution, systematics and ecology. Designed for and enrollment limited to first semester freshmen whose preparation for the major includes Biology 201. Students with credit in Biology 200 and 201 will receive a total of four units toward a degree.

Prerequisite: Satisfaction of the English Placement Test requirement.

Principles of biology covering all organisms, including systematics and diversity of bacteria, protista, fungi, plants and animals, and concepts of physiology, reproduction, development and differentiation, ecology, and the causes of the endangerment of a species.

Prerequisite: Chemistry 200.

Principles of biology applying to all organisms, including cell structure, membrane transport, energy metabolism, cell division, classical and molecular genetics, recombinant DNA, population genetics, mechanisms of evolution, and the basis of classification.

Prerequisites: Biology 202; or Biology 100, Chemistry 100 and 130.

For nursing and foods and nutrition majors. Study of microorganisms of the environment, including disease-producing organisms, their actions and reactions. Not open to biological sciences majors; see Biology 350.

Prerequisite: Biology 100 or 202.

Gross and microscopic anatomy of organ system of human body. (Formerly numbered Biology 150.)

Prerequisites: Biology 201 and credit or concurrent registration in Mathematics 121 or 140.

Methods and experience in defining and solving quantitative problems in biology, including design of experiments, and parametric and nonparametric statistical techniques. Students with credit or concurrent registration in the following lower division courses will be awarded a total of four units for the two (or more) courses: Biology 215, Economics 201, Engineering 140, Political Science 201, Psychology 270, Sociology 201, Statistics 119, 250. Same course as Biology 216-216L.

Methods and experience in defining and solving quantitative problems in biology, including the design of experiments, and parametric and nonparametric statistical techniques. Students with credit or concurrent registration in the following lower division courses will be awarded a total of four units for the two (or more) courses: Economics 201, Engineering 140, Political Science 201, Psychology 270, and Sociology 201, Statistics 119, 250. Not open to students with credit in Biology 215.

Prerequisites: Mathematics 121 or 140; credit or concurrent registration in Biology 201.

Methods and experience in defining and solving quantitative problems in biology, including the design of experiments, and parametric and nonparametric statistical techniques. Not open to students with credit in Biology 215.

Marine topics of current interest. May be repeated with different topic and consent of instructor for maximum credit four units. See Extension catalog for specific content.

A. Topics in Medicine.

B. Topics in Dentistry.

C. Topics in Veterinary Medicine.

Designed to expose the preprofessional student to the profession of his/her choice through speakers and selected readings. Emphasis on alternatives and meeting stresses as a preprofessional student. Maximum credit one unit.

Prerequisites: Chemistry 100; Biology 100 or 202, 212; credit or concurrent registration in Chemistry 130.

Human function viewed from cellular through organ system levels of organization. Intended primarily for prenursing students. Not open to biological sciences majors or students with credit in Biology 336, 436, or 590.

Words and word components used in medical and allied medical practice translated, investigated, and applied.

Special course to allow makeup of program laboratory deficiencies. Student will be assigned to a laboratory section of the appropriate course.

A. Laboratory for Biology 201.

B. Laboratory for Biology 202.

C. Laboratory for Biology 215.

Writing Requirements: Completion of the English Placement Test and Writing Competency requirements is a prerequisite for all upper division biology courses numbered 350 and above.

Reproductive adaptations in humans, and comparatively in other species. Topics include sex differences, mate choice and mating behavior, fertility regulation, fertilization and embryonic development, sex ratios, parental investment, effects of aging, and life history strategies. Not applicable to biological sciences majors.

Ecological characteristics of natural ecosystems and basic effects of human society upon those systems, emphasizing resource management, food production, global environmental problems, and future directions. Not applicable to biological sciences majors.

Theories of chemical evolution with emphasis on multidisciplinary aspects involving geology, geochemistry, cosmochemistry and molecular biology. Not applicable to biological sciences majors. (Formerly numbered Natural Science 431.)

Modern theory of organic evolution with emphasis on processes involved as they relate to past, present, and future evolution of mankind. Not open to biological sciences majors; see Biology 352.

Rise and fall of dinosaurs, their biology, and evolutionary relationships. Not applicable to biological sciences majors.

Selected principles of human inheritance with emphasis on relationships to other fields of human studies. Not open to biology or microbiology majors; see Biology 352.

Overview of complexity of marine life. Diverse interactions of organisms in the intertidal zone, over the continental shelves and in the open oceans. Current controversies concerning the marine biosphere. Not applicable to biological sciences majors.

Adaption of animals, including insects, fish, birds and mammals, to their environment. Topics explore various physiological concepts utilized by animals to survive under strikingly different conditions. Not open to biological sciences majors, see Biology 560.

Medicinal plants, toxic-poisonous plants, herbal medicines, psychoactive plants, preparation of medicines and mechanisms of action; current research results on medicinal plants and drugs used in diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Not applicable to biological sciences majors. (Formerly numbered Biology 362.)

Global ecosystems and their dynamics, with emphasis on sustainable human use and preservation and biodiversity. Not applicable to biological sciences majors. (Formerly numbered Biology 454.)

Systems of the human body, their interrelationships and control systems which regulate them. Not open to students with credit in a college course in human physiology. Not applicable to the biological sciences majors.

Biological bases of social behavior in animals with emphasis on altruism, aggression, territoriality, mating systems, mate choice, parental care, communication, cooperative hunting, and predator avoidance. Not applicable to biological sciences majors.

Prerequisites: Upper division standing and active predental file in the Preprofessional Health Advising Office.

Participation in clinic, dental observation, marketing activities and two field trips. Maximum credit four units. Not applicable to biological sciences majors.

Prerequisites: Biology 340A and consent of instructor.

Supervision of one component of Preventive Dentistry Program. Maximum credit four units. Not applicable to biological sciences majors.

Survey of human body with emphasis on intricacy of design and integration of various organ systems. Not open to nursing, exercise and nutritional sciences, or biological sciences majors, or to students with credit in any college level human physiology or anatomy course.

Prerequisites: Biology 201, 202, and 215; Chemistry 231.

Actions and reactions of microorganisms in response to their environment, both natural and as changed by other organisms, including man. Also includes an introduction to pathogens.

Principles of transmission genetics, population genetics, and evolution.

Fundamental concepts in population, community, and ecosystem ecology.

Prerequisite: Credit or concurrent registration in Biology 354.

Methods of research in ecology; approaches to analysis of populations, communities, and ecosystems.

Examination of reasons that some plants and animals become rare, endangered and extinct. Emphasis on human activities as pressure that often leads to extinction.

Prerequisite: Credit or concurrent registration in Chemistry 365.

Basic laboratory approaches in biochemistry, cell biology, and molecular biology. Not open to students with credit in Biology 356.

Concepts of modern integrated molecular biology, cell biology, and biochemistry. Not open to students with credit in Biology 356.

Prerequisite: Credit or concurrent registration in Biology 336 or 590.

Human physiology and rationale of current week's laboratory and experimental outcomes of previous week's laboratory. Not open to students with credit in Biology 261.

History of development of modern biology stressing integration, organizing and understanding of modern topics or evolution genetics and developmental biology.

Prerequisite: Senior standing, or participation in a life sciences single subject credential program.

Development and integration of biological science content knowledge, introduction to learning theory, and transformation of knowledge. Designed for students preparing for the single subject teaching credential in life sciences.

Prerequisites: Biology 201 and Exercise and Nutritional Sciences 323 or Oceanography 306, and three upper division units in biology, Advanced Openwater or Scientific Scuba Diving Certification, diving skills proficiency evaluation, acceptable openwater diving equipment, medical examination, approval for scuba diving and waiver for scuba diving.

Preparation for scientific research underwater; scientific methods, techniques, operations and specialized equipment; scientific diver training and certification requirements; diving procedures and regulations; diving equipment; diving physiology hyperbaric conditions, fitness, practical diving skills, safety and emergency procedures.

Morphological and behavior adaptations, natural history, and overall importance of insects.

Prerequisite: Credit or concurrent registration in Biology 462.

External and internal structure of insects; insect classification.

Prerequisites: Biology 350 and consent of Environmental Health Adviser.

Five days accompanying Environmental Health Specialists of the San Diego County Department of Health Services on their field rounds. Open only to Environmental Health majors.

Advanced concepts of modern integrated cell biology, molecular biology and biochemistry. Not open to students with credit in Biology 550.

Prerequisite: Biology 352 or 354 if taken prior to Fall 1997.

Evolution and natural history of vertebrates, especially species of Southern California including use of keys for identifying vertebrates and tools for studying vertebrates in the field and laboratory.

Basic areas of immunology to include inflammation, generation of immune response, antibody production, lymphocyte development and function, hypersensitivities and AIDS, major histocompatibility complex and cytokines. Designed to give a basic background in the immune system. Not open to students with credit in Biology 585.

Prerequisites: Fifteen upper division units in biological sciences with grades of A or B and consent of instructor.

Practical laboratory experience in local industrial or SDSU campus laboratories emphasizing current technology. Maximum credit five units applicable to Recombinant DNA Technology certificate. Does not apply to biological sciences majors.

Individual research experience and interaction with researchers, on or off campus. Projects involve a total of approximately 45 hours of laboratory or fieldwork per unit and a research report. Hours are flexible and arranged between student and researcher. Maximum credit six units. Maximum six units applicable to the biology major for any combination of Biology 499, and Chemistry 499. Maximum three units applicable to the microbiology major or environmental health major for any combination of Biology 499 and Chemistry 499.

Prerequisite: Biology 354 and as may be indicated in the Class Schedule.

Treatment of particular advanced aspects of ecology not covered in regular courses, including insect ecology, intertidal ecology, and ecology of the Colorado River Delta. See Class Schedule for specific content. Maximum credit six units. (Topics formerly offered under Biology 506 and 516.)

Coevolution in interspecific interactions, like herbivory, predation, parasitism, competition, pollination, and mimicry.

Prerequisite: Biology 352.

Concepts in population genetics, quantitative genetics, adaptation, speciation, and macroevolution required to understand the mechanisms of evolution.

Prerequisite: Biology 352.

Application of population genetics concepts and techniques to conservation of endangered species, restoration, and management of genetic resources.

Prerequisites: Biology 352 and 354.

Biology of marine mammals to include pinniped, cetacean and sirenian evolution, diet and foraging strategies, social organization, reproductive strategies, echolocation, diving physiology, and conservation.

Microbiological population of estuary and ocean waters; interrelationships with other organisms and the physical and chemical environment.

Prerequisite: Biology 201.

Structure and function, ecology, behavior, physiology and phyletic relationships of marine invertebrate animals.

Prerequisite: Biology 354 or 515.

Ecological concepts as applied to pelagic and benthic marine organisms and their environment. Field and laboratory experience in oceanographic techniques, particularly the coastal environment.

Principles and practices of the farming of aquatic organisms.

Prerequisite: Biology 201.

Identification, systematics, evolution, structure, physiology, behavior and ecology of fishes.

Taxonomy, comparative physiology and ecology of representative microorganisms found in various natural environments.

Prerequisites: Biology 350, 365L, 366, and credit or concurrent registration in Biology 521 or 584.

Procedures and methods for isolation, characterization and identification of prokaryotes from soil, water and humans; includes both pathogenic and non-pathogenic prokaryotes.

Prerequisite: Biology 201.

Evolution, systematics, distribution, and ecology of amphibians and reptiles of the world.

Prerequisite: Biology 201.

Study and identification of birds, especially those of the Pacific Coast and the San Diego region.

Prerequisite: Biology 201.

Evolution, systematics, distribution and ecology of mammals of the world.

Prerequisites: Biology 215; Biology 201 or Psychology 211 and 260 for psychology majors.

Biological bases of animal behavior with emphasis on the ethological approach, including the evolution and adaptive significance of behavior.

Prerequisite: Biology 201.

The structure, food relations, and classification of fungi.

Prerequisite: Biology 201.

Plant description, identification, classification, and nomenclature with emphasis on evolutionary patterns, interdisciplinary data acquisition, and phylogenetic analysis.

Prerequisite: Biology 201.

Fundamentals of plant taxonomy with emphasis on identification of plants native and naturalized to California. Plant collecting techniques. Field trips are required.

Prerequisite: Biology 201.

Relationships between plant structure and function. Morphology and anatomy of vascular plants considering specific function of plant organs. Approaches to solve plant morphological problems. Techniques of plant anatomy.

History of biological conservation and environmental laws; regulations governing biological resources; role of biologists; environmental impact analysis, operation of regulatory and resource agencies; biologists as expert witnesses; wetland protection and mitigation, state heritage programs, role of nongovernmental agencies.

Prerequisite: Biology 354.

Ecological concepts pertaining to the restoration of disturbed ecosystems, including plant establishment, stability of man-made ecosystems, below-ground biota, mineral cycling, succession, and other organisms and processes on disturbed lands.

Prerequisite: Biology 354.

Human impacts on ecosystems, the resultant endangerment and extinction of plant and animal species, and strategies for the protection and recovery of threatened forms.

Prerequisite: Biology 354.

Biological, chemical, and physical considerations of inland waters.

Physiology of microbial growth, bacterial structure and function, genetics of bacteriophages and bacteria.

Theory and practice of recombinant DNA techniques.

Prerequisites: Biology 350 and 549, or Biology 467 and Chemistry 366L.

A laboratory course in recombinant DNA techniques.

Molecular aspects of structure, genetics, and replication of viruses, virus-host interactions, pathogenesis of virus infections, diagnostic virology, and antiviral vaccines and drugs; emphasis on human pathogens.

Principles of scanning and transmission electron microscopy including theoretical basis of sample preparation. (Formerly numbered Biology 593.)

Prerequisite: Credit or concurrent registration in Biology 555.

Biological specimen preparation and operation of scanning electron microscope. (Formerly numbered Biology 593.)

Prerequisite: Credit or concurrent registration in Biology 555.

Biological sample preparation and operation of transmission electron microscope.

Physiology of vertebrate and invertebrate animals with emphasis on diversity of solutions to physiological problems and on functional integration of organ systems.

Principles underlying radiological reactions of ionizing radiations. Effects of ionizing radiations at the biochemical, cell, organ, and organism levels.

Prerequisite: Credit or concurrent registration in Biology 561.

The laboratory determination of the effects of ionizing radiation on biological systems.

Activities of plants, including photosynthesis, ion transport, translocation, water relations, growth and development.

Molecular mechanisms of drug action emphasizing pharmacokinetics, drug-receptor theory, signal transduction, physiological effects of drugs on nervous cardiovascular and endocrine systems. Includes discussion of molecular approaches to rational drug design, development, and testing in the pharmaceutical industry.

Structure and function of the nervous system to include cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal excitability and synaptic function, nervous system development, cellular and systems analysis of sensory, motor and higher brain functions. Emphasis on experimental approaches.

Current literature on the molecular basis of disordered physiology leading to heart disease.

Prerequisites: Biology 201 and 202.

Studies in comparative gametogenesis, morphogenesis, and reproductive physiology.

Prerequisite: Biology 350.

Study of normal and pathological blood with chemical, physical and microscopic methods.

Discussion of major bacterial and viral pathogens; molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, microbial toxins and antimicrobial agents; immune response to microbial infections; biochemical and molecular diagnostics. Not open to students with credit in Biology 589.

Cellular and molecular aspects of the immune response. Genetics of immunoglobulins, major histocompatibility complex, lymphocyte development and their manifestations on immune responsiveness, lymphokines immunopathologies including AIDS, and contemporary immunological techniques. Not open to students with credit in Biology 485.

Prerequisite: Biology 201.

Role of insects and other arthropods in the transmission and causation of human diseases and the important diseases of domesticated animals.

Prerequisite: Biology 201.

Study of animal parasites with special reference to those of humans. Laboratory including identification of important human parasites, and collection and preservation of local forms.

Prerequisites: Biology 201 and 202; Physics 180B, 182A, 182B. Recommended: Biology 366 or Chemistry 365.

Human physiology presented at both cellular and organ system levels; neurophysiology, muscle physiology, cardiovascular physiology and respiration, kidney function, hormone function and reproduction. For students majoring in a natural science or pre-professional studies.

Prerequisite: Biology 350.

Laboratory course in advanced techniques in microbiology and cell and molecular biology. Not open to students with credit in Biology 589.

Application of micro- and minicomputers to tasks encountered by biomedical scientists in research laboratories (data acquisition and reduction, experiment control) and by physicians in medical care delivery (noninvasive imaging, clinical laboratory automation, patient file processing).

Advanced selected topics in modern biology. May be repeated with new content. See Class Schedule for specific content. Limit of nine units of any combination of 296, 496, 596 courses applicable to a bachelor's degree. Maximum combined credit of six units of 596 and 696 applicable to a 30-unit master's degree. Additional units acceptable with the approval of the graduate adviser.

Prerequisite: Biology 350 or 352 or 354 or 356 or 366.

Application of univariate statistical techniques in biological sciences.

Two lectures and three hours of laboratory.

Prerequisites: Biology 215, and 350 or 352 or 354 or 467.

Application of multivariate statistical methods in biological sciences.

Methods for analysis of biological systems at all levels of scale from macromolecules to ecosystems. Topics include macromolecular sequence analysis to determine structure and function and study phylogenetic relationships. Imaging in two to four dimensions. Mathematical modeling in biological sciences.

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